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PEST analysis of manufacturing in Pakistan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 990 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? PEST ANALYSIS POLITICAL The government of Pakistan plays a pivotal role in regulating cement manufacturing industry. Controls and policies are being formulated to smoothen up business operations and facilitate entrepreneurs to operate effectively and efficiently. However, still there are many tax and other charges imposed on cement producers which makes them non-competitive in international market. Cement manufacturers are liable to pay Corporate Income Tax @34%, Federal Excise Duty (FED) of US$3.8/t, and Sales Tax of 17% of the MRP. In addition to this, the initial allowances on Plant and Machinery are also restricted to 25% together with import taxes on raw materials and capital goods being kept at 5% for cement manufacturers of Pakistan. Duties are also being imposed on basic packaging material i.e. Kraft paper under @15% https://www.globalcement.com/news/itemlist/tag/Pakistan Government has to play an important role in improving trade relations across the globe. The export sales of manufacturers are damaged by worsening bi-lateral relations in international markets and as a result cement manufacturers suffer due to government inefficiency and ill-diplomacy. Recently the government badly failed to persuade India for removal of trade barriers and consequently manufacturers lost a lucrative Indian market. https://www.dailytimes.com.pk/business/02-Mar-2014/budget-proposals-for-2014-15-cement-industry-demands-tax-rationalisation Government assisted policies also help the cement industry flourish. Successful development of Metro Bus system in Lahore has greatly helped cement industry in previous years. Further extension will be an injection to cement industry from the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s side. https://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-6-240002-PML-N-government-fulfils-longstanding-dema nd-of-residents Presently largest coastal nuclear power projects are in pipeline to be started shortly this year. https://www.thenewstribe.com/2013/11/26/pakistan-initiates-largest-coastal-nuclear-power-projects-of-62000-mw-electricity/ In addition to this, construction of steel mills in Chiniot will be another gift for the industry by the government. https://tribune.com.pk/story/690593/man-of-steel-shahbaz-signs-chiniot-iron-ore-estimation-agreement/ By now, the government has also motivated the Chinese investors to invest in various construction projects including Gadani Power Project, Dasu Power Generation Project and cement industry development. https://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-29098-Pakistan-attracting-foreign-investment-says-Nawaz Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "PEST analysis of manufacturing in Pakistan" essay for you Create order SOCIAL Due to non-availability and expensive nature of oil and gas coal is used as basic fuel. However, some companies have even progressed to using tire fuel because of its efficient power generation and has lesser TDF metal content as compared to coal. Though this is more environmental friendly but companies will take time to shift to this power source and make themselves more environmentally responsible. https://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/materials/tires/tdf.htm Cement manufacturing as like other production processes cause environmental pollution.Residents if living in nearby areas get affected by such production processes. Such was the case of dust pollution caused by Kohat Cement Factory that threatened the prosperity of the surrounding villages. https://www.dawn.com/news/1028419/cement-factory-causing-dust-pollution-in-kohat Cement industry provide enormous employment opportunities for Pakistani population. It approximately accounts for 5% of total employed labor force of the country. It employs skilled, unskilled, technical, managerial and engineering professionals for various job roles. Further, it creates business and opportunities for ancillary industries including retailing, distribution, transport etc. https://www.dgtrdt.gov.pk/Research/38th_syndicate_reports/4.pdf ECONOMIC The market structure of cement industry seems to be cartel based and the membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interests are taken care of by All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association (APCMA). However, members of APCMA deny presence of cartel on the grounds of inconsistency in cement prices, capacity utilization and market capitalization. https://tribune.com.pk/story/528875/cement-industry-denies-existence-of-cartel/ Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) fined 20 cement manufactures acting and coordinating as a cartel. However, these market producers kept on denying any sort of collusive price arrangements agreed between them. https://www.globalcement.com/news/item/1937-lucky-strike?-changes-in-pakistan%E2%80%99s-cement-industry The international cement market is becoming fiercely competitive as all countries start to protect their balance of payments by imposing trade restrictive measures on cement imports. Depressing economic circumstances and balance of payment concerns worldwide has forced countries to adopt protectionist policies at large. https://www.globalcement.com/news/itemlist/tag/Tax The profitability of cement industry has been badly affected by rising power generation costs. The energy crisis reduces the electricity supply to the industry and therefore many producers are shifting towards self generated power systems. In addition to this, gas tariffs have been increased by 17% resulting in higher power generation costs. https://www.dawn.com/news/1080191/tepid-growth-in-cement-sector Government uses a discriminatory tariff policy by which gas tariffs have been increased by only 17% for captive power plants as compared to compared to 50% increase for industrial consumers. This principal policy distorts completion and provides an undue edge to captive power generation owners. https://www.brecorder.com/brief-recordings/0/1246753/ Survival of small cement manufacturers is very difficult in the market which is dominated by giants. Their market power, pricing controls and collusion pose a dominant t hreat to survival of small scale manufacturers. Especially smaller cement producers are finding it very troublesome to compete against large manufacturers after discriminatory power policy because they are primarily dependent on grid power sources of WAPDA. https://www.globalcement.com/news/itemlist/tag/All%20Pakistan%20Cement%20Manufacturers%20Association Technological All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association (APCMA) has entered into an agreement with Lafarge Pakistan Limited to improve and upgrade cement manufacturing units in Pakistan to international health and safety standards. https://www.dawn.com/news/800576/mou-for-safety-in-cement-industry The main concern for the industry is to rationalize their power sources. Investment in Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is being done by few companies to secure and streamline their power generation activities. This is a modernized way of power generation through municipal waste. Moreover, waste heat recovery projects are being carried out by many producers in order to reduce their costs. https://www.nation.com.pk/business/11-Mar-2013/debt-servicing-a-major-part-of-cement-industry-cost In addition, the technological advancements are taking place to reduce fuel costs by switching to power generation through alternate sources of energy including pet coke and shredded rubber. https://www.d awn.com/news/1090385/cement-sector-seeks-relief

America, An Ever Changing World Superpower - 1504 Words

America, an Ever-Changing World Superpower America has been viewed in a wide variety of ways on the global stage. From the Progressive Era to containment, the view of the United States as a world power has changed dramatically. The country went through a large process of adopting an isolationist policy during the Progressive Era. This isolationist view was also present pre and post-World War I. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, America took a bold stance and using its industrial power pushed itself to the top of the world superpowers with its peak being the first country to develop a nuclear bomb. The United States went from being a country focused primarily on the home front to a country that would take the spotlight at the top of the†¦show more content†¦Immediately after the end of World War I Woodrow Wilson took an aggressive stance on foreign policy and thus he met with the leaders of the allied powers and wrote the Treaty of Versailles. Wilson discovered that there were â€Å"conflicting claims† which u ltimately led to the United States refusing to ratify the treaty. This failure in Wilson’s foreign policy allowed for the country to focus on the home front where problems like the Red Scare were quickly becoming a problem. Following the Paris Peace Conference, in 1919 a nationwide fear of socialism took hold; it was called the Red Scare. The Red Scare was a labor uprising that many people attributed to Russian and communist influence. After the Red Scare, the American government became fearful of outside influence. This fear of outside influence eventually led to the United States passing the Johnson-Reed Act of 1924. The Johnson-Reed Act established a quota that three percent of a single nationality was able to immigrate into the United States. Once again the United States became very insular and tried to limit contact with foreign nations. While the Allied Powers were trying to resolve the issues surrounding the post war era the Axis powers were growing stronger. Many Americans began to question the real reason that the US went to war. To further investigate this suspicion, US senator Gerald Nye formed the Nye Committee. The Nye Committee

Customary Roles Of Women By Virgil s Aeneid And Ovid s...

Both Roman and Greek woman did not have an easy living. With their sex came specific gender roles and particular forms of conduct. Men tend to stand above women in matters of value and independence. Men are free to live the life they choose and have the freedom to go where they choose but women are not so lucky. Generally, women are expected to keep house, be mothers, and that is pretty much it. In Virgil’s Aeneid and Ovid’s Metamorphosis we see these customary roles of women reflected through both of the authors work. While there are a number of notable, female characters in the Aeneid, most of them die. First, we have Creusa. She is the Aeneas’s wife while he is in Troy. While they are fleeing from the Greeks she tells him that he will find a new wife and then she is killed. Second, we have Queen Amata. The queen’s daughter, Lavinia, desires to marry Aeneas but Amata wishes for her to marry Turnus. Amata is furious at her daughter’s choice. â€Å"Burning already at the Trojans’ coming, the plans for Turnus’ marriage broken off, Amata tossed and turned with womanly anxiety and anger† (pg. 208). In a fit of rage, she rides through the city and leads the women of the town into a revolt. When she sees the Trojans coming into the city she believes that her husband is dead and takes her own life. Finally, we have, Dido, the queen of Carthage. The irrational nature of women is definitely shown in this character. Her former husband dead, she had become favored by her people and ruled

Financial Statements of Cengage Learning †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Financial Statements of Cengage Learning. Answer: Introduction: Global marketing is the part of marketing where an organization expands and diversifies its market globally. Amazon Inc has been chose for this report. Inc is the largest company in the online retail store and currently, it is running its business very smoothly and enhancing the return of the company. This company has planned to diversify its market into overseas (Amazon, 2017). Basically, this company is of US. It offers various product and services to its customer through an online portal. Amazon deals with the seller to sell out their product through Amazon and then it delivers the product to the customer and charge commission from the seller. There are various competitors of the company in the market but still company has managed to make its place into the market and currently it is leading the e commerce business. The main mission of the Amazon is to enhance its market base and the share through entering into the new market and satisfying the customers. Various policies and stra tegies are used by the company to achieve its goals and targets. The main product and services of the company are clothes, books, household stuffs, toiletry products, kitchen products etc. services of the Amazon are quite satisfactory and the existing customers of the company are quite satisfied with the performance of the company (Best, 2009). Marketing mix strategy: Marketing mix is the combination of various factors which could be controlled by an organization to manage and influence the customers to buy a product. Amazon Inc. is required to have a look over its marketing mix before entering into the new market. The marketing mix of the company must be created in such a manner that company could achieve its goal effectively. The marketing mix strategy of the company must be accordingly: As Amazon is the online retail store, so it must offer entire products such as variety of clothes, household stuff, appliances, books, beauty products, furniture, car, mobiles, electronic products, gifts, grocery, pet suppliers, office essentials, watches, various tools and home improvement etc so that the customers could attract more towards it in the overseas market (Snyder Davenport, 2013). The prices of the Amazon Inc must be lower than other competitors, the current strategy of pricing of Amazon is satisfactory and company must follow the same in global market too (Peter Donnelly, 2011). Company must directly buy the product from the manufacture and sell is directly to the customers so that the price level of the company could be lower than the market price. This marketing mix is a contradicting issue for the company as the company would offer all the products through its portal so individual could download it into their android, ios mobile and order anything which is available at the store of the company. Website could launch its web links on the web pages to enhance the market share (Stratton, SAS Institute Inc., 2009). Company could take the help of various strategies to promote its product into the global market such as coupons, sale, emails, offer etc. company could ask various questions to the people and gift them a voucher (Weygandt, Kimmel Kieso, 2015). Company could also promote its business through print media, TV, radio, hoardings etc to promote its business into the global market. This would help the company to enhance its market share and it would also help the company to achieve its goals. In order to buy the goods in the cart, a check out section is required to select. This check out policy of the company follows 5 steps which starts from identifying the clients then selecting the shipping address then select the payment method then the overview of the order could be analyzed and the order could be confirmed and lastly the order is confirmed by the company through an email (Saunders and Cornett, 2014). The above process of the company is bit easy and thus the customers get attracted more. In Amazon, people are those who brings the customer product. Company must identify the best courier company in the international market and take the help of that company to deliver its products so that the product could be delivered on time to the customer. It could also start the prime system in which the product would be delivered in next 48 hours after placing the order. Company could put its links on various websites and other web pages which would help the customers to know about the company and this company could also set its position through various keywords that make it simple and easy for the individual and visitors to find the website and purchase products from the website (Martani and Khairurizka, 2009). Thus the above strategies would help the company to manage the marketing strategies of the company and enhance the market share into the international market. Economic evaluation is very crucial for every business. This part is prepared by the company to identify the future changes and predict the future performance of the company. In this part, various planning related to financial performance, cost of the company, total profit of the company, sales etc are analyzed. Amazons economic evaluation has been done in this report, on the basis of various strategies to identify the performance of the company and the various financial consequences and the benchmark. Firstly, the planning of the company into the Australian market has been examined in the context with the financial consequences. The sales of the company have been analyzed according to the market population and market share of the company. The discount has been analyzed on the basis of annual report of the company and historical data of the company. Stock ratio of the company has been planned according to the consolidated profit and loss account of the company (Bojadziev, 2007). Further, the various expenses of the company has been forecasted according to the competitors expenses, Australian market, the labour cost of the Australian market and various other factors. Forecast sales, market shares and cost and profit: The sales of the company have been analyzed according to the market population and market share of the company. Market shares of the company have been predicted according to the overall performance and competitive companies of the company, the main competitor of the company is JB HI FI. According to the analysis, the market share of the company would be 20%. The total population, market population, annual purchase, commission etc has been analyzed to identify the total sales of the company: Market share of the comapny 20% Total population of the country 24.13 million Total market populations 4.826 million average annaul purcahse 25 per customer Estimated annual revenue 120.65 million Further, the cost and profit of the company has been analyzed through considering various aspects of the market, company and the competitors. The cost and profit analysis of the company is as follows: Profit and Loss Statement (Amt in $'000) Month Oct 17 Income Sales Sale of goods/services $ 1,20,650.00 Sundry Income (e.g. Commission earned, frachise fees etc.) Etc. Total Sales $ 1,20,650.00 Less Discounts/Commissions Sales Discounts given $ 5,000.00 Sales Commissions paid $ - Total Discounts/ Commissions $ 5,000.00 Total Net Income $ 1,15,650.00 Cost of Sales Opening Stock $ 10,000.00 Stock Purchased $ 60,000.00 $ 70,000.00 Less Closing Stock $ 500.00 Total Cost of Sales $ 69,500.00 Gross Profit $ 46,150.00 Expenses General Administrative Bank charges $ 500.00 Credit card commission $ 300.00 Consultant fees $ 35.00 Office Supplies $ 100.00 Business insurance $ 100.00 Etc. $ - Total General Administrative $ 1,035.00 Marketing Promotional Advertising $ 1,500.00 Promotion - General $ 1,000.00 Promotion - Other $ 500.00 Etc. $ 250.00 Total Marketing Promotional $ 3,250.00 Operating Expenses Newspapers magazines $ 25.00 Parking/Taxis/Tolls $ 105.00 Laundry/dry cleaning $ 100.00 Cleaning cleaning products $ 75.00 Sundry supplies $ 500.00 Equipment hire $ 250.00 Etc. $ - Total Operating Expenses $ 1,055.00 Motor Vehicle Expenses Fuel $ 750.00 Vehicle service costs $ 300.00 Tyres other replacement costs $ 200.00 Insurance $ 100.00 Registrations $ - Total Motor Vehicle Expenses $ 1,350.00 Website Expenses Domain name registration $ 1,000.00 Hosting expenses $ 5,000.00 etc $ - Total Website Expenses $ 6,000.00 Employment Expenses Permanent $ - Salaries/Wages $ 2,000.00 PAYE $ 1,000.00 Superannuation $ 1,000.00 Other - Employee Benefits $ 1,250.00 Recruitment costs $ 1,250.00 Total Perm. Employment Expenses $ 6,500.00 Casual Salaries/Wages $ 1,800.00 Recruitment costs $ - Total Casual Employment Expenses $ 1,800.00 Workcover Insurance $ - Total Employment Expenses $ 8,300.00 Occupancy Costs Electricity/Gas $ 312.50 Telephones $ 500.00 Property Insurance $ 150.00 Rates $ 100.00 Rent $ 150.00 Repair maintenance $ 600.00 Waste removal $ 250.00 Water $ 250.00 Etc. $ - Total Occupancy Costs $ 2,312.50 Other Expenses Machineries $ 700.00 Vehicles $ 200.00 Equipment $ 700.00 Total Other Expenses $ 1,600.00 Total Expenses $ 17,552.50 Net Profit / (Loss) $ 28,597.50 Total Year to Date Net Profit / (Loss) $ 28,597.50 (David, 2011) The above table depict that the total cost of the company is $ 1,75,52,500 whereas the total gross profit of the company is $ 4,61,50,000. Further, the study has been conducted over the budgets of the company. The budget has been prepared for a year in which the total sales of the company, various expenses, cost of sales, gross profit, net profit etc as been evaluated (Geraedts et al, 2012). The budgeting information of the company is as follows: Profit and loss a/c has been prepared according to the basis of the above prediction. The summary of profit and loss a/c of the company is as follows: Profit Loss Statement Month Sep 17 Income (Amt in $'000) Total Sales 1,20,650 Less Total Disc/Comm 5,000 Total Net Income 1,15,650 Less Total Cost of Gooods Sold 69,500 Gross Profit 46,150 Expenses General Administrative 1,035 Marketing Promotional 3,250 Operating Expenses 1,055 Motor Vehicle Expenses 1,350 Website Expenses 6,000 Total Employment Expenses 8,300 Occupancy Costs 2,313 Other Expenses 1,600 Total Expenses 17,553 Monthly Net Profit / (Loss) 28,598 Total Year to Date Net Profit / (Loss) 28,598 (Garrison, Noreen, Brewer McGowan, 2010) This depict that the net profit of the company would be $ 2,85,98,000, in case the company would enter into the Australian market. Further, the shares and the revenue of the company would be enhanced. Promotional budget: Further, the study has been proposed over the total promotional expenses of the company. Following amount could be spent by the company to conduct the promotional techniques for the better positioning in the customers mind. Amazon Limited Promotional Budget as a Percentage of Total Sales Estimated Total Sales 1,20,650 % of Gross Revenue for Promotion 2.69% TOTAL PROMOTIONAL BUDGET (in $) 3250 Promotional Activities Television Advertising Campaign 1500 Newspaper Magazine Advertisement 500 Social Media Advertising 300 Flyer, Banner and Billboard Advertising 200 Brand Promotional Events Sponsorship 250 Charity for Health Wellness research 150 Public Relation Campaigns 350 TOTAL 3250 3250 The promotional budget table depict that the total 269% of the total sales would be spent by the company for its promotion in the Australian market. Thus the total promotional budget of the company would be 32,50,000. The company would spent its promotional budget on various promotional methods such as television advertisement campaign, social media advertising, newspaper, banners, public relations etc. It would help the company to set its position into the Australian market (Higgins, 2012). Implementation and control: Marketing implementation is the main course of managing and developing the marketing strategies into movements to complete the marketing objectives and goals. Amazons strategic and marketing plan must also be set out to address the CEO and management of the company which are liable for the company to achieve its target and enhance the growth of the market (Healy and Palepu, 2012). This implementation plan depict that what actions must be started by the company at what time and till when it would be finished. Implementation plan is way important for the Amazon to achieve its mission and vision and expected goal of the company. Following are the action and contingency plan of the company which could help the company to manage it goals and objectives: The main purpose of an action plan is to manage the plan of strategy and marketing to support the necessary change and the policies which could help the company to mitigate any kind of risk. The action plan of this company supports entire factors such as profit and loss account, budgets, sales forecast, profit, cost analysis, marketing mix etc. Though a successful implementation action plan could only take place in positive manner if all the activities, strategies, policies and people could be managed properly. While implementing the strategic plans, action and activities control must be closely related to mitigate the risk factor of the company from not achieving its targets (Hollensen, 2015). Monitoring evaluation of Amazon depict that actual marketing outcomes and the solutions help the company to achieve the expected result. Moreover, Amazon limited could also adjust the strategies and plans to become more suitable to its present conditions, if the first seems to be obsolete for going forward. The main goal of preparing this and managing this is to achieve the goals of the company and manage the performance of the company in a better manner, this action plans helps the company to reduce the level of the risk and enhance the level of the profit of the company. The evaluation of an action plan depicts that a global market must exercise even marketing variable controls as numerous surprises could result in implementing the marketing plans of Amazon Inc. Amazon must check their marketing strategies and plans through evaluating the different strategies of marketing and plans and according to that plans and policies a better result could be concluded and a better action could be taken against the risk factors of the company (Kotler Keller, 2006). Such as selecting the partner, maintain a good relation with the partners, relations with government officials, aid agencies etc could be negative and thus could help a risk to be occurred. Company must prepare the contingency plans before to manage the performance and the result of the company. Various risks and their mitigation plan of Amazon business plan has been given in the appendix. Conclusion: According to this study, it has been found that the entrance of Amazon into Australian market would be grateful as the company would be able to enhance its market share as well as the profitability of the company would also been enhanced. The marketing strategy and financial performance of the company is way better which would help the company to grab the Australian market quickly. To conclude, the Amazon is suggested to enter into the Australian market to manage the performance and profitability of the company. The main mission of the Amazon is to enhance its market base and the share through entering into the new market and satisfying the customers. This entrance into the Australia market would help the company to achieve its goals and targets. So, it has been found that the entrance of Amazon into Australian market would be grateful as the company would be able to enhance its market share as well as the profitability of the company would also been enhanced. References: Amazon. (2017). Home. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com. Accessed on 8th Oct 2017 Best, R. J. (2009). Market-based management: Strategies for growing customer value profitability. Bojadziev, G., (2007). Fuzzy logic for business, finance, management (Vol. (23). World Scientific. David, F.R., (2011). Strategic management: Concepts cases. Peaeson/Prentice Hall. Doyle, P., Stern, P. (2006).Marketing management strategy. Pearson Education. Garrison, R. H., Noreen, E. W., Brewer, P. C., McGowan, A. (2010). Managerial accounting.Issues in Accounting Education,25(4), 792-793. Geraedts, J., Doubrovski, E., Verlinden, J. Stellingwerff, M., (2012), May. Three views on additive manufacturing: business, research education. In Ninth Int. Symp. Tools Methods Compet. Eng., I. Horvth, A. Albers, M. Behrendt, Z. Rusk, Eds (pp. 1-15). Healy, P.M. Palepu, K.G., (2012). Business analysis valuation: Using financial statements. Cengage Learning. Higgins, R.C., (2012). Analysis for financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Jouini, F., (2013). Corporate governance the level of financial disclosure by Tunisian firm. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 4(3), p.95. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L. (2006). Marketing management 12e.New Jersey. Martani, D. Khairurizka, R., (2009). The effect of financial ratios, firm size, cash flow from operating activities in the interim report to the stock return. Chinese Business Review, 8(6), p.44. Peter, J. P., Donnelly, J. H. (2011).Marketing management: knowledge skills: text, analysis, cases, plans. Plano: Business pub., INC. Saunders, A. Cornett, M.M., (2014). Financial institutions management. McGraw-Hill Education, Snyder, H. Davenport, E., (2013). What does it really cost? Allocating indirect costs.Asian Libraries. Stratton, A.J., SAS Institute Inc., (2009).Systems methods for costing reciprocal relationships. U.S. Patent 7,634,431. Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., Kieso, D. E. (2015).Financial Managerial Accounting. John Wiley Sons.

Issues Related to Smoking

Question: Write an essay on Issues Related to Smoking, Alcohol Consumption and Diet in UK? Answer: It is a proven fact through research that smoking and alcohol consumption immensely affects the human body. There are many harmful effects caused by smoking and alcohol among which lungs cancer and kidney damage is prime. In recent years various studies has shown that United Kingdom is dawdling with three critical life style issues. These issues can be discussed under three primary life style habits, which include smoking, alcohol and diet. The main aim of this assignment is to provide a proper light and explanation on the current life style and health condition in United Kingdom considering the three aspects which are alcohol, diet and smoking (Kvaavik et al. 2010). The factors that influence the health condition and status are said to be the determinants of health. Some of the factor that influences the health status can be broadly classified into various categories, which includes economical, societal, personal and environmental factors. Moreover, various other determinants like policy making, health services, biological and individual behavior influences the health condition and status of a particular nation (Stinghini et al. 2011). It has been found that various factors related to the social affairs, environment and physical condition has a major role in influencing the social determinants of health. These factors affect heavily on the quality of life and health of an individual. Some of the examples of these social determinants are public safety, socio-economic condition, exposure to globalization and technologies, availability of education, availability of job etc. However, certain other factors like social standard, social norms and social attributes as discrimination also influences the social condition of a country (Scott and Happell, 2011). Several minor factors like residential segregation and exposure to violence and social disorder also determine the social condition of a particular country. On the other hand, the environmental determinants like climate change, weather, toxic substance exposure and some aesthetic factors (like tree, electricity and lightning facility) also influences the health status. However, the condition of housing, neighbourhood, schools, office also influences the environmental and health status of a country heavily. These factors often correlate with the individual behavior of a person, which includes diet, alcohol and smoking addiction of a particular community (Dodd et al. 2010). Adding to this, various type of biological and genetic factors like age, sex, HIV status also affect the mass population of a country in terms of the health condition. For example, old person are found to be more biologically prone to suffer reduced and pitiable health condition due to cognitive effects like aging. Furthermore, it has been observed in UK community that various people are suffering due to health inequalities. This are considered as an unjust and an unethical difference in health condition that are seldom experienced by various population and communities within UK. It has been studied that people who are under-privileged and belonging from a lower strata of socio-economic background are more prone to chronic ill health (Hiscock et al. 2012). This people die earlier compare to the people residing in the higher strata of the society. On the other hand, health equity is defined as the commitment to eliminate the discrimination and disparities of health related inequalities in the society. Moreover, the main purpose of the health equity is to strive for providing the best possible health standard for each and every people. It also focuses on giving special attention towards people who are at greater risk of poor health condition based on environmental, social and biological factors (Wallerstein and Duran, 2010). The factors that affect the health and well-being of an individual are considered as the social determinants of the condition of health status. However, it should be remembered that this causes are not the direct and primary causes of illness, rather it can be considered as the reason for illness. Thus, it can be stated that smoking is the cause that can lead to various illness like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary heart disease (CHD) and lung cancer. Moreover, social and environmental factors influence an individual and determine the health condition and health status of a particular population within a nation (Scarborough et al. 2011). The Integrated Household survey (IHS) has shown a data, which confirms that 22 percent of men and 20 percent of female aged 18 or above has regular smoking habits. The people who are tagged as major smokers are found to smoke at an average of 15 cigarettes per day. However, the ratio and numbers found to vary among various sections in the community depending on their age, gender, social status and ethnicity. Moreover, the survey report also reported that one third of the United Kingdoms population between the age group of 20- 24 have been identified as regular smokers. However, the group of people between the age group of 60 and above is found to be infrequent smokers and their percentage is found to be 14% (McCartney et al. 2011). In a survey conducted by London Health Inequalities Forecast, it was found that the prevalence of smoking varies immensely among different population within United Kingdom. This marked difference is found to be prevailed among people belonging from different socio-economic strata. It was reported that people who are living in deprived circumstances have found to have higher rates of smoking habits. It was also reported that this deprived people with lower socio-economic status have taken up smoking at an early age and they are less likely to quit smoking. Hence, this result in higher numbers of smoke related illness among this particular section of the population (Bell et al. 2010). The report also showed that 28 percent of people in manual occupation are reported to smoke regularly compared to the 13 percent of the adults in managerial and professional occupations. However, various NGOs and other related organizations are assisting people in United Kingdom and helping them to quit smoking. Various seminars and educational programs are conducted annually to educate people about the ill effects of this habit. Various legislation and policies has been put forward by the government to ban smoking in every enclosed public places. Healthy Lives, Healthy People: a Tobacco Control Plan for England was published in March 2011, whose main purpose was to reduce the number of tobacco usage in United Kingdom. It was found that the consumption of alcohol has increased the rate of both acute consequences and chronic conditions among the population of United Kingdom. The acute consequences of alcohol consumption have increased the rate of road accidents and various type of assaults in the streets of UK. However, the chronic conditions like prevalence of cancer, heart disease, hypertension, liver damage have been reported to be very high due to higher rates of alcohol consumption in United Kingdom (Scarborough et al. 2011). The Integrated Household survey has shown that the consumption of alcohol varies with different ethnic groups within United Kingdom. The data and research survey has shown that Whites and Hispanic people have the highest alcohol consumption rates. It was found that 18.2 percent of Whites, followed by 15.2 Hispanic population), 10.1 Blacks and 8.01 percent Asians have the alcohol consumption habits in their adolescence (12 17 years) age. However, the percentage of this statistics tends to get higher when age group of 18 24 years of population was surveyed. It was found that Whites have the highest alcohol consumption rates with a percentage of 77.3% and 70.9% respectively (Ronksley et al. 2011). However, the consumption rate in Hispanics, Blacks and Asians has found to be lower between the ages of 18 24 years. In another study, which was performed by IHS, it was found that, Whites, Hispanics and lesser number of Blacks and Asians have reported alcohol consumption at an early onset (before the age of 15). However, the rate of drinking onset was found to be very low in case of females from every ethnic groups of the society. However, it was reported that the marked difference in socio-economic hierarchy was found to be a deciding factor in the amount of alcohol consumption in UK. It was reported that people who are living in deprived circumstances have found to have higher rates of drinking habits. Nevertheless, it was also reported that people enjoying the higher level in the socio economic pyramid of the society is reported to drink alcohol as a mark of their social status. However, the middle class people in UK was reported to consume alcohol in lesser amount compare to this former two groups of population (Rehm et al. 2010). To improve the determinants the government needs to impose higher taxes on the alcohol and impose a ban on heavy marketing and advertisement of alcohol within UK. Moreover, the Non-governmental organizations need to conduct various educational seminars and programs to educate people and spread awareness among the mass population of United Kingdom. The unhealthy diets and food habits among the population of United Kingdom has raised the number of obese patients. It has been found that majority of United Kingdoms population is suffering from excessive weights and obesity. The United Kingdom ministry has announced that obesity is one of the most increasing health problems among the population of the country. An online survey carried out by the organization name UK-Cental shows that in the year of 2014, 27.7% of the UK population have gained weight and suffering from obesity. Moreover, 23.1% of people have reported to living in a life with overweight condition. Several other diseases are associated with obesity. High blood pressure, cardiac diseases and high blood sugar are one of the most prevalent diseases, which are related with obesity (Wang et al. 2011). However, this data is common among the high people who belong in the higher socio-economic strata. They have money to eat their desired food and are more frequent to fast food centers, restaurants and stalls. However, the lower class people are deprived of any money and social status hence they suffer from malnutrition and deficiency. This is a classic example of the socio-economic condition of United Kingdom where people can easily distinguish a person and can understand from which socio-economic group he/she belongs (Scarborough et al. 2011. In 2012, 21.1% of the population was suffering from overweight issues, which rose to 24.4% in 1998. In 2013, the amount rose to 25.6%. The more recent data published by the National Health Survey in 2014 shows that 10.8 percent of the entire United Kingdom residents aged between 18 to 69 are suffering from obesity. Among this population, the male population is 12.1 percent, and female population is 9.5 percent, if this data is further categorized into the ethnic group, then 24 percent of the obese population belongs to Black Africans, 16.9 percent belong to Whites, and 7.9 percent belongs to the Asians (Misra and Khurana, 2011). The programs and seminars of United Kingdom are the most effective setting where people can be educated through awareness programs. Many companies and organizations have started Workplace Health Promotions (WHP) in collaboration with HPB. This collaboration helps to fund different training to staff, and conduct workplace health promotion programs. These grants of fund help to support the organizations to buy required equipment and build facilities or incentives that will motivate and encourage people to control obesity. Moreover, the Nongovernmental organizations and Government need to promote and fund this type of educational programs more. Moreover, the UK Government needs to implement Beatties model to increase health promotion and awareness among the mass population of United Kingdom. Beatties model is an analytical and complex model. This model recognizes that the promotion for healthy lifestyle and behavior is implanted by applying good social and cultural practices. The Beattie's model is focused on different tactics and approaches towards promoting health awareness (Gortmaker, 2011). Evaluating the data and information, it can be concluded that, United Kingdom is suffering from a unhealthy lifestyle and living habits. The country need to improve its standard of living so that it can sustain a healthy and prosperous future for its compatriots. Moreover, the non-governmental, non-profit organizations and the UK government need to work hand in hand to increase the awareness and start new legislations in order to reduce the unhealthy life styles in United Kingdom. However, it is tough but by making a proper plan and by collaborating with each other the work of promoting healthy life style in United Kingdom can be achieved in near future. It is an important aspect to make people aware about the consequences and harmful effects of smoking and alcohol consumption. In the younger generation the alcohol consumption and smoking rate is gradually increasing. This is not all a good sign for any country. 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